内蒙古地区不同生育期组大豆品种的应用分析与评价

为明确内蒙古2 500℃以上有效积温区不同播期适宜种植的大豆品种及种植密度,本文以MG000、MG00、MG0、MGⅠ生育期组大豆品种为试验材料,开展不同播期、密度试验,通过产量特征分析,确定各生育期组品种的适宜播种期及种植密度。结果表明:MG000组品种适宜作救灾播种品种,适宜生育日数为85~90 d,最佳种植密度在24万~30万株·hm~(-2),叶面积指数范围为2.0~2.2;MG00和MG0组品种适宜晚播,适宜生育日数为90~100 d,最佳种植密度24万~30万株·hm~(-2),叶面积指数范围分别为2.3~2.7、2.8~3.1;MGⅠ组品种种植应适时晚播,适宜生育日数为100~110 d,最佳种植密度21万~24万株·hm~(-2),叶面积指数范围为3.0~3.3。     

Analysis of residuals for stability assessment of rice genotypes

The analysis of residuals computes general adaptabilities (GAs) and specific adaptabilities (SAs) of genotypes similar to combining ability analysis. The residual analysis is simple and robust being based on the first-degree statistics, and is assumption-free. A unique statistic of ratio of variances (VR) of residuals for individual genotypes allows comparing their stability. The residuals analysis of genotype × environment (GE) interactions was performed for grain yield (t ha^?1) of 25 rice (Oryza sativa L.) genotypes, including two developed by marker-assisted selection for root traits quantitative trait loci (QTL), tested across 16 sites. Results were compared with the linear regression analysis for (i) full set of 16 sites showing adequacy of linear model and (ii) subset of nine-poor sites showing inadequacy of linear model. There was agreement between the two analyses for situation (i) but not for situation (ii) when the regression analysis fails because of nonlinearity but the residual analysis retains its validity.     

Quantitative trait loci responsible for the difference in γ-oryzanol content in brown rice between japonica-type and indica-type rice cultivars

γ-Oryzanol is a main oleophilic component in rice bran oil and has been well recognized as a good dietary supplement for human health, as well as having uses in industrial materials. japonica-type rice cultivars generally showed significantly higher contents of total γ-oryzanol in brown rice compared with indica-type cultivars, although within-group variation was significant. The objective of this study was to explore quantitative trait loci (QTLs) responsible for the difference in the γ-oryzanol content between japonica-type and indica-type rice cultivars, using recombinant inbred lines (RILs), backcross inbred lines (BILs), and corresponding chromosome segment substitution lines (CSSLs) derived from crosses between japonica-type and indica-type. Results from RILs and BILs showed that eight QTLs were detected with R² from .09 to .16. Nine candidate regions for QTL were also suggested from corresponding CSSLs. These QTLs from RILs and BILs and the candidate regions from CSSLs were not overlapped, although one QTLs was mapped near the boundaries of the respective candidate region. At four QTLs and three candidate regions, alleles or segments from japonica-type caused higher contents than those from indica-type. On the other hand, at the other four QTLs and six candidate regions, alleles or segments from indica-type caused higher contents than those from japonica-type, which is a reverse result to the parental differences. This result strongly suggested that alleles with increasing effects on γ-oryzanol content could be accumulated not only from japonica-type but also from indica-type, leading to a potential for increase in γ-oryzanol content in future breeding programs.     

基于ARIMA模型的我国大豆单产预测分析

在我国大豆单产光合潜力和"农业生态区划"(AEZ)潜力基础上,运用ARIMA(自回归单整移动平均)模型预测了2020年前我国大豆单产。结果表明:我国大豆单产最大潜力为3 400 kg·hm~(-2),而2017、2018、2019和2020年单产将分别为1 899,1 926,1 954和1 982 kg·hm~(-2),分别是最大潜力的55.85%、56.65%、57.47%和58.29%。这意味着:未来提高我国大豆单产尚有较大空间,应保持高产耕地生产力与改良中低产田土并重。研究结果旨在为我国大豆生产提供决策参考信息。     

巨尾桉木屑配方对7种毛木耳产质量的影响

研究了巨尾桉木屑配方对7种毛木耳产质量的影响，结果表明：在巨尾桉木屑栽培基质中，与对照菌株‘漳耳43-28’相比，新菌株43012和杂10菌丝长势好，污染率低，产量高，营养品质好，可以在福建等地推广示范。     

基于茶籽壳代替木屑栽培茶树菇配方筛选试验

不同比例的茶籽壳和木屑组合成5个试验配方,比较不同配方对菌丝生长、子实体经济性状和生物转化率的影响。试验结果表明,在供试的5个配方中,配方4（棉籽壳50%、茶籽壳15%、木屑5%、麦麸20%、玉米粉7%、石膏1%、磷肥1%、石灰1%）为优选配方。     

玉米-大豆带状间作下除草剂的筛选

采用单因素随机区组设计,研究了3种药剂(A1:60%乙·嗪·滴丁酯、A2:60%乙·嗪·滴丁酯+48%灭草松、A3:48%灭草松)与清水对照组(A4)在玉米-大豆间作条件下,玉米、大豆苗期农艺性状、株防效及药害等级和成熟期作物产量,考察了玉米-大豆带状复合种植模式下除草剂除草效果及安全性。结果表明:3种除草剂对反枝苋、马唐防效好,对刺儿菜防效较差。药后15 d,A1与A2对杂草的防除效果最好,均在75%以上,其中A2对马唐的株防效达到了100%。药后30 d,各处理下的鲜重防效均在80%以上,A1对反枝苋的株防除效果最好为88.89%。玉米、大豆产量在A2处理下最高,分别较清水对照组高33.7%、39.4%。3种除草剂对玉米、大豆幼苗都有一定的药害症状,但药害等级均小于1,从株防效和对作物产量的影响分析,A2更适用于玉米-大豆带状复合种植模式。     

Breeding for increased grain protein and micronutrient content in wheat: Ten years of the GPC-B1 gene

To provide food and nutrition security for a growing world population, continued improvements in the yield and nutritional quality of agricultural crops will be required. Wheat is an important source of calories, protein and micronutrients and is thus a priority to breed for improvements in these traits. The GRAIN PROTEIN CONTENT-B1 (GPC-B1) gene is a positive regulator of nutrient translocation which increases protein, iron and zinc concentration in the wheat grain. In the ten years since it was cloned, the impacts of GPC-B1 allelic variation on quality and yield traits have been extensively analyzed in diverse genetic backgrounds in field studies spanning forty environments and seven countries. In this review, we compile data from twenty-five studies to summarize the impact of GPC-B1 allelic variation on fifty different traits. Taken together, the results demonstrate that the functional copy of the GPC-B1 gene is associated with consistent positive effects on grain protein, Fe and Zn content with only marginally negative impacts on yield. We conclude that the GPC-B1 gene has the potential to increase nutritional and end use quality in a wide range of modern cultivars and environments and discuss the possibilities for its application in wheat breeding.     

麻地膜对设施樱桃番茄(Solanum lycopersivon)生长及产量的影响

为了明确麻地膜覆盖在设施大棚内对樱桃番茄生长及产量的影响,本研究采用‘浙樱粉1号’为实验材料,设置3个处理:麻地膜覆盖、塑料地膜覆盖及对照(不覆盖),比较了不同覆盖措施对‘浙樱粉1号’株高、茎粗、单株鲜重、结果数量及樱桃番茄鲜果重的影响。结果表明,在设施大棚内采用麻地膜覆盖增加了‘浙樱粉1号’株高、茎粗、结果数量及樱桃番茄鲜果重。麻地膜覆盖对设施大棚内种植的樱桃番茄有增产作用,麻地膜的推广应用可以减少塑料地膜对环境污染,利于农业的可持续发展。     

播期和密度对马铃薯原种扩繁生长发育及产量的影响

在马铃薯原种生产中,播种密度和播种期对原种繁育的产量、种薯大小等有着明显的影响。选用当地主栽品种大西洋,于2017-2018年在山丹县冷凉区域,同一地点开展不同播期和密度试验。播种选择4月25日、5月5日、5月15日、5月25日和6月5日,种植密度设置60 000、90 000、120 000、150 000和180 000粒/hm ² 5个水平。结果表明,在当地的栽培模式大垄双行覆膜种植下,4月25日-5月15日播种,播种密度为120 000、150 000粒/hm ²,产量在45 285~46 770kg/hm ²,中种薯率在75.3%~79.6%,合格种薯多,均为最高,且此范围产量差异不显著。考虑到节约原原种投入降低成本,生产中优选120 000粒/hm ²的播种密度,在4月25日-5月15日种植,是大西洋原种繁育的最佳选择方案。